President Bush's shoe banging military policies brought the world another arms race and a potential repeat of the Cuban missile crisis. The Guardian cited the expansion of nuclear weapons in space by Russia and time by Britain. Russia threatened to land nuclear equipped bombers in Cuba for refueling, in response to planned missile defense systems in Poland and the Czech Republic. Across the English channel, an estimated 3 billion pound (currency) replacement of Britain's nuclear arsenal would extend their weapons program over four decades.
